Mouthparts of insect orders pdf

Insect mouthparts have diversified in different orders, with feeding methods that include lapping, suctorial feeding, biting, or piercing combined with sucking, and filter feeding, in addition to the basic chewing mode. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A pictorial key to the order of adult insects winged wingless go to page 64 front wings hardened, leathery or parchmentlike at least at the base front wings membranous go to page 61 chewing mouthparts sucking mouthparts without pincerlike cerci with pincerlike cerci front wings leathery at base and membranous at end front wings of uniform. A number of insect orders or more precisely families within them have mouthparts that pierce food items to enable sucking of internal fluids. In an order, there are classes, orders, suborders, families and genera, which constitute the living things that procreate with one another. With approximately 1,000,000 different insect species, it is impossible to become familiar with more than a small percentage of them. The diversification is now known to be clearly related to angiosperm diversity and believed to be related largely. The fleas cat flea adult left and larva right siphon tube. Most feed on algae, fungi, and other organic matter.

This placing allows a person to conclude many things about the insect from known information about the order. These are grouped together into two subclasses called the apterygota wingless insects and the pterygota winged insects for further information on classes, orders and subclasses see the classification section. Insect mouthparts are derived from the appendages of four of the segments forming the insect head. Forcepslike cerci at the tip of the abdomen significance. The mandibles are caudal to the labrum and anterior to the maxillae. E, p a chewing mouthparts concealed in head antennae variable. This stage is repeated a varying number of times, depending on species. Insect mouthparts chewing bees and some wasps piercingsucking mosquitos, fleas, horseflies, most true bugs, leafhoppers siphoning butterflies and moths sponging houseflies, stableflies use the laminated sheet in the bin to quiz the students on the mouthparts by asking them to match the insect with its mouthpart. Found in caves or near ice or snow at high elevations in mountains of asia and north america. The insects class insecta are divided into a number of orders. Of all the insect orders, orthoptera displays the most features found in other insects, including the sutures and sclerites. The mandible has two condyles dicondylic, the maxilla only one, and the labium one on each side.

The mandibles and maxillae, typically used for manipulating and masticating food by arthropods with chewing mouthparts fig. In some cases, an individual component of the mouthparts became specialized for a new function. Sucking mouthparts with labral and lacinial stylets, mandibles absent. Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive, consisting of diverse variations in element structure within each of the five mouthpart regionslabrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. Mouthpart definition of mouthpart by merriamwebster. The composition of mouthparts in the various hexapod orders is summarized in a table. For example, predaceous insects have forward directed mouthparts with a corresponding forward protrusion of the head.

As adults, scarabs use their mandibles to feed on plant foliage. Insect orders about 28 different orders of insects divided into these orders based on structure of wings and mouthparts and their type of metamorphosis ametabolous. Adults are sometimes confused with true bug adults hemiptera. Insects are incredibly diverse organisms, and they fill a variety of niches in their respective ecosystems. The labrum, which functions as the upper lip of insects with chewing mouthparts fig. Identification of an insect at the order level allows producers to plan integrated pest management strategies based on life cycle and mouthparts. Approximately 1 family and 11 species in north america and 1 family and 25 species worldwide. Each species is perfectly suited to its role, and their mouthparts have evolved in ways that allow them to effectively exploit their food sources. Hymenoptera bees, wasps and ants 4 wings, chewing or sucking mouthparts, some females with stingers or ovipositors amsel, sheri. Introduction to the identification of insects and related.

This means that you may have to use additional keys to determine the order of that. As insects evolved to feed on a wider variety of food resources, their mouthparts adapted accordingly through natural selection. Grasshopper populations can reach high numbers and damage crops over a wide region. Mouthparts are formed for chewing in adult beetles and. Correct identification of insect order important for pest control. Adults wings are scalecoated membranes, thus the name lepidoptera scale wing. Each species is perfectly suited to its role, and their mouthparts have evolved in. This is a rough guide and does not include all insect orders. Insects are the most species rich group of organisms on earth as indicated in this speciesscape. Frst 307 introduction to entomology 6 description of common insect orders 1. Therefore, proper interpretation of mouthparts, wings, etc. Many orders wont be encountered or noticed because of their size, habitat, or life cycle.

Insect mouthparts an overview sciencedirect topics. They have three characteristics in common a segmented body, jointed legs, and an exoskeleton. Insect mouth parts show many cases of parallel evolution, the same end being independently achieved along similar, but not identical lines. The diversity of insect mouthparts required for the different feeding guilds was established well before the appearance of angiosperms 200 mya, but diversification of families, genera, and species has continued unabated ever since. The mouthparts of bees are of a chewing and lapping type.

Culicidae must feed on vertebrate blood in order to reproduce. Insect orders insect, bugs and spider identification. Coleoptera is the largest insect order, containing more species than any other. Dipteran, order diptera, any member of an order of insects containing the twowinged or socalled true flies. Insect mouthparts amateur entomologists society aes. Now, ask learners to draw mouths on their heads for each insect as you describe what it eats. Diptera mouthparts 20200505 20200505 tagged order diptera ent 425 general entomology. Mouthparts legs wings keying or classifying insects insect mouthparts chewing bees and some wasps piercingsucking mosquitos, fleas, horseflies, most true bugs, leafhoppers. Self test identify the insects to order not tested in apprenticeship or in hort 1217. They surround the mouth and are external to it, unlike the condition in vertebrates in which the teeth are within the oral cavity.

Major structural types of extant insect mouthparts are extensive, consisting of. The basic segmental character of the mouthparts is most apparent in insects that bite off fragments of food and then chew it before ingesting it fig. Form and function of insect mouthparts request pdf. A lateral view of the head of a grasshopper showing the segmental arrangement of the mouthparts.

The emerging adults look completely different from the larvae. Explain that one reason that insects eat different things is that, unlike people, they have different mouthparts. Polyneoptera, closely related to orthoptera and dermaptera distribution. Insect orders 3 6th grade fruit fly family house fly family sphinx moth swallowtail sulfur. Numerous instances of multielement fusion both within and.

Pictures of insect mouthparts tools representing insect mouthparts straw, ice tongs, clothespin with sponge golden guide to insects, 4h insect key, petersons first guide to insects and caterpillars see resources section on pages 4 and 5 for details field collecting equipmentberlese funnel, old white sheet, insect nets. Typically the mandibles are the largest and most robust mouthparts of a chewing insect, and it uses them to masticate cut, tear, crush, chew food items. Piercingsucking, cuttingsponging, sponging, chewing, cuttinglapping key characteristics. They eat wood or leaves or roots or flower petals or pollen or nectar or seeds. Insect heads take many shapes reflecting the characteristic feeding habits of the species concerned.

Polyneoptera orders, neuroptera, coleoptera, mecoptera, many hymenoptera, and immatures in the emphemenoptera, siphonaptera, trichoptera and lepidoptera. Some are predators of other insects and mites found in the soil. In the heteroptera, the mouthparts form a beak that arises from the front of the head, and the front wings are half hardened and half membranous. Insect scientists entomologists categorize groups of living entities as how they are related through the theory of evolution.

Additional functions, like defense, brood care, and malemale competition, modified the mouthparts in some. A pictorial key to the order of adult insects winged wingless go to page 64 front wings hardened, leathery or parchmentlike at least at the base front wings membranous go to page 61 chewing mouthparts sucking mouthparts without pincerlike cerci with pincerlike cerci front wings leathery at base and. In dragonfly naiads immatures, the labium has become adapted as a prehensile tool that can be rapidly extended forward to catch prey. Insect orders introduction the class hexapoda is generally studied under a classi cation system with approximately 30 orders. Tip of abdomen with large pincers forcepslike cerci. All moths and butterflies are in the order lepidoptera. Although the larvae have chewing mouthparts, the damage from many species is insignificant. The questions in this quiz and worksheet will address these questions, helping you learn more about insects. The predators in this collage of photos are probably obvious. The gall midges, includes the hessian fly delicate, long legs, long antennae, reduced wing venation hessian fly adult left and pupae flax seeds right family culicidae. Considered here are some of the more important orders which are likely to be encountered. They split and spread when the insect needs to fly so the soft wings underneath hind wings can be used. Divided into these orders based on structure of wings and mouthparts and their type of metamorphosis. More than 1 million of the categorized 2 million species are arthropods.

With approximately 1,000,000 different insect species, it is impossible to become familiar with. These consist of the labrum forming upper lip, mandibles, first maxillae, second maxillae forming lower lip, hypo pharynx and the epipharynx. Insect identification part i classes of arthropoda, orders of insecta 5 key to the orders of insectsnormally found in insect collections once you have determined that the organism you have before you is an insect you may wish to further identify it. Take an insect sample to a university of wyoming coop. Modified sucking mouthparts are found in all the paraneoptera orders, adult siphonaptera, diptera, bees and lepidoptera. Adults have siphoning mouthparts, sip nectar only, and are beneficial pollinators.

Note that some newer resources may now include homoptera and thysanoptera as suborders. Kentucky 4h entomology key to common insect orders objectives kentucky 4h entomology projects involve collecting, identifying, and labeling insects. Two sets of muscles move the mandibles in the coronal plane. Each insect order shares a set of characteristic biological and anatomical features. A chewing insect has a pair of mandibles, one on each side of the head. Very tiny 12 mm softbodied insect almost always associated with soil. Insect groups orders amateur entomologists society aes. Usually two pairs of wings absent in many insects such as lice, eas, ants. Arrows show the points of articulation condyles with the head capsule. Diptera flies and mosquitoes 2 wings, 2 trochanters, large eyes 7. Abstract one of the most intensively examined and abundantly documented.

Scarabidae feed on roots, so they must have mandibles capable of tearing into the toughest of plant material. Click images to enlarge or orange text for more information. A pictorial key to the order of adult insects purdue extension. What is the class insecta and what traits does it possess. Many of these are of minor importance and are studied only from the standpoint of scienti c interest.

Insect orders are groups of insects with a common descent that are similar in body structure, type of wings, type of mouthparts, etc. A good entomologist can recognize common insect orders quickly. Distribute the insect mouthparts worksheet with six identical insect heads. In weevils, for example, the front of the head is elongated into a long, slender. Some are herbivorous, like aphids and leafhoppers, while others are carnivorous, like assassin bugs and mosquitoes females only. Siphonaptera on the ncsu general entomology page siphonaptera on wikipedia description and identification. You are probably familiar with many common insect orders already. One of the largest insect orders, it numbers more than 125,000 species that are relatively small, with soft bodies. Common insect ordersadapted from berkeley natural history museums lesson a quick way to identify common insect orders with edits by ertell 2. One of the most intensively examined and abundantly documented structures in the animal world is insect mouthparts. If you have an android smartphone, this app can be helpful for identifying insect to order.

These characteristics are easily visible and do not require a microscope. This type of mouth parts are supposed to be the most primitive type as the other types are believed to be evolved from biting and chewing type of mouth parts. Morphology of insect mouthparts erik smith cornell blogs. Common insects in each order are listed under the order. Mouthpart definition is a structure or appendage near the mouth as of an insect especially when adapted for use in gathering or eating food. Introduction to applied entomology, university of illinois family cecidomyiidae. Coleoptera beetles, weevils life cycle complete metamorphosis. The mandibulate mouthparts are reduced in size allowing the insect to excavate a deep narrow hole that is used for feeding, and perhaps later, as a site for oviposition. Although many winged insects are commonly called flies, the name is strictly applicable only to members of diptera. The silverfish and firebrats are found in the order thysanura. Lapping is a mode of feeding in which liquid or semiliquid food. All of the flies including house flies, mosquitoes, horse flies, and others belong to the order diptera. The size of the organism reflects the number of described species. Are one of two insect orders that are eusocial termites, bees, ants have castes, workers, soldiers division of labor that is continuous throughout a lifecycle castes system means that there a morphological and behavioral differences alates.